European Yearbook on Human Rights 2021

Philip Czech is a researcher at the Austrian Institute for Human Rights, University of Salzburg and editor of the Newsletter Menschenrechte. Lisa Heschl is a post-doctoral research and teaching fellow at the European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy, University of Graz. Karin Lukas is a senior researcher and Head of Department at the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights. Manfred Nowak is Secretary General of the Global Campus of Human Rights, Venice and Professor of Human Rights, University of Vienna. Gerd Oberleitner is UNESCO Chair in Human Rights and Human Security and Director of the European Training and Research Centre for Human Rights and Democracy, University of Graz.

PART I. HUMAN RIGHTS IN TIMES OF A PANDEMIC Early Lessons Learnt from the COVID-19 Pandemic and the United Nations Response (p. 1) The Pandemic and the Ethical Dilemma of Limited Resources: Who to Treat? (p. 9) Social Contract in Public and Corporate Governance: Metaphor or New Morality? (p. 27) Positive Obligations to Protect against Epidemic Outbreaks under Human Rights Law (p. 51) Elections in Times of COVID-19: A Human Rights Perspective (p. 81) The Effects of COVID-19 on the EU Approach on the Rule of Law: Implications for the Commission and European Parliament (p. 109) Creating a European Health Union in Times of COVID-19: A Trajectory Towards a Fundamental Right to Health Care? (p. 137) The Right to a Healthy Environment as an EU Normative Response to COVID-19 Th eoretical Framework (p. 159) The EU Sustainable Finance Agenda: A Strengthened Case for Human Rights in Times of COVID-19 (p. 187) Human Rights of Residents in Long-Term Care Facilities During COVID-19: Saving Lives at the Cost of Deprivation of Rights? (p. 209) The Transition from Institutional Care to Community Living in the EU: Lessons Learned in the Shadows of the COVID-19 Pandemic (p. 231) Migrants at Sea Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic: The Perfect Pretext for Endorsing la carte Respect for Human Rights (p. 259) The European Approach to Irregular Migration in Pandemic Times: The More Things Change, the More they Stay the Same? (p. 285) Implementing the UN Global Compacts for Refugees and Migrants in Times of Pandemic: A View from the EUMS (p. 319) Technology Companies Due Diligence and the Responsibility to Respect Amid COVID-19: What are Proportionate Means where there is Power and Reliance? (p. 349) Serbias Compliance with Article 2(1) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pandemic or Endemic? (p. 381) PART II. HUMAN RIGHTS IN EUROPE AND BEYOND Business and Human Rights in Europe 20112021: A Decade in Review (p. 407) Towards Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence in the European Union? Opportunities and Challenges for Corporate Accountability (p. 449) The European Unions Global Human Rights Sanctions Regime and the Role Responsibility of International Organisations (p. 475) National Human Rights Institutions: An Emerging Human Rights Actor in the European Union (p. 499) PART III. JURISPRUDENCE BY THE COURTS The Right to an Effective (and Judicial) Examination of Election Complaints (p. 541) The Case Law of the ECtHR in 2020 in the Light of the Principle of Systemic Harmonisation (p. 569) The Court of Justice of the European Union and Human Rights in 2020 (p. 617) PART IV. HUMAN RIGHTS INSIGHTS Building Bridges between Local Governments and the Scientific Community to Promote Human Rights (p. 651) PART V. BOOK REVIEWS Gwynne L. Skinner, Rachel Chambers and Sarah McGrath: Transnational Corporations and Human Rights (p. 663) Mario Viola de Azevedo Cunha, Norberto Nuno Gomes de Andrade, Lucas Lixinski and Lcio Tom Fteira (eds.): New Technologies and Human Rights: Challenges to Regulation (p. 665) Mariagiulia Giuffr: The Readmission of Asylum Seekers under International Law (p. 669) Jure Vidmar (ed.): European Populism and Human Rights (p. 671) Bridget Lewis, Kelly Purser and Kirsty Mackie: The Human Rights of Older Persons: A Human Rights-Based Approach to Elder Law (p. 675) Michael Stohl and Alison Brysk (eds.): A Research Agenda for Human Rights (p. 677) Kyriaki Topidi (ed.): Normative Pluralism and Human Rights: Social Normativities in Confl ict (p. 679) Jonathan Herring: Domestic Abuse and Human Rights (p. 681) Sara De Vido: Violence against Womens Health in International Law (p. 683)